揭秘：毛泽东为何一生三登城墙而不入故宫？(图)

TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

1954年毛泽东主席视察故宫时在城墙上休息TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

让毛泽东动怒的张奚若，曾于1948年12月18日北平围城之时，带解放军干部请建筑学家、清华大学教授梁思成绘制北平文物地图，以期被迫攻城时保护文物之用。TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
此前一天，毛泽东亲笔起草中共中央军委给平津战役总前委的电报，要求充分注意保护北平工业区及文化古迹：“沙河、清河、海甸、西山等重要文化古迹区，对一切原来管理人员亦是原封不动，我军只派兵保护，派人联系。尤其注意与清华、燕京等大学教职员学生联系，和他们共同商量如何在作战时减少损失。”TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
1949年1月16日，毛泽东再次起草中共中央军委关于保护北平文化古迹的电报，其中提到了故宫：“此次攻城，必须做出精密计划，力求避免破坏故宫、大学及其他著名而有重大价值的文化古迹”，“你们对于城区各部分要有精密的调查，要使每一部队的首长完全明了，哪些地方可以攻击，哪些地方不能攻击，绘图立说，人手一份，当作一项纪律去执行。”TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
1949年1月31日，北平和平解放。9月27日，新政协第一届全体会议决定中华人民共和国定都北平，将北平改名为北京。首都规划随即展开。TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
参与规划工作的梁思成，与应邀到北京指导工作的苏联专家发生分歧。梁思成与城市规划专家陈占祥共同提出中央行政区应在古城之外的西部地区建设，以求得新旧两全、平衡发展；苏联专家则提出中央行政区应放在古城中心区建设，并着手对古城的改建。毛泽东支持了后者。TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
北京的城墙、城楼、牌楼等古建筑开始被陆续拆除。1952年8月，天安门东西两侧的长安左门与长安右门被拆除，梁思成、张奚若曾表示坚决反对。1956年5月，北京市规划局、北京市道路工程局展修猪市大街至北长街北口道路，拆除大高玄殿前习礼亭及牌楼、故宫北上门和东西连房，又引发学术界激烈批评。对古城愈演愈烈的拆除，终导致张奚若1957年向毛泽东坦陈己见。TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
毛泽东与故宫有过一段渊源。他早年在湖南省立第一师范学校就读时的老师易培基，1929年曾出任故宫博物院院长。1919年12月毛泽东率代表团赴京请愿驱逐湖南军阀张敬尧，即住在故宫脚下的福佑寺。TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
1954年4月，毛泽东曾在四日内三登故宫城墙。TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
1954年4月18日下午，毛泽东乘车至故宫神武门内，由东登道上神武门城楼，沿城墙向东行至东北角楼转向南，经东华门、东南角楼，到达午门，由午门城楼下城墙，回中南海。TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

4月20日下午，毛泽东乘车至故宫午门内，登午门城楼，参观设在那里的历史博物馆出土文物展览，下城楼回中南海。TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
4月21日下午，毛泽东乘车至故宫神武门内，由西登道上神武门城楼，沿城墙西行，经西北角楼、西华门、西南角楼，到达午门下楼离去。TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
三次路线相加，毛泽东正好在故宫城墙上绕行一周。这是毛泽东到故宫仅有的三次记载，而这三次他只登城墙不入宫内。TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
在城墙上漫步徐行，毛泽东有何感想？他是否想到了故宫改建计划？他为什么不到故宫里边走走？其中内情无人知晓。TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
毛泽东主席对紫禁城有着特殊的感情。故宫博物院院长易培基曾是他就学于湖南省立第一师范学校时的老师。1919年，毛泽东同湖南人民代表团来到北京，宣传进步，声讨驱逐湖南督军张敬尧，就住在紫禁城脚下的福佑寺。1949年初，在中国人民解放军进军北平之前，毛泽东曾亲自给解放军将帅发出指示：“此次攻城，必须做出精密计划，力求避免破坏故宫、大学及其他著名而又有重大价值的文化古迹，您们务使各纵队首长明了并确守这一点。”正因为有了这样一道“手谕”，才促成北平和平解放，保证了紫禁城免受战火破坏。TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
毛泽东不仅是党和国家领导人，还是一位著名的诗人、书法家，他收到过许多书画家、收藏家、艺术家朋友馈赠的诗书画印之类文物，但他并未将这些珍玩国宝归为己有。他自立规矩：党和国家领导人所收礼品，一律缴公。TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
1950年，毛泽东亲笔致信当时的文物局局长郑振铎，将友人姚虞琴先生赠送的王夫之手迹《双鹤瑞舞赋》转交国家。他在信中强调：“据云此种手迹甚为稀有，今送至兄处，请为保存为盼。”获悉墨迹拨交故宫博物院后，他甚为欣慰，但不欲将自己捐献之事过分张扬，便批复：“此物似乎只可收藏，不必陈列展览。”TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
此后，毛泽东又多次将中外友人所赠之私人礼品上缴国家。据原国家文物局局长吕济民回忆，1952年12月，毛泽东主席还将友人赠送的钱东壁临写的《兰亭十三跋》转送故宫。1956年，大收藏家张伯驹先生将自己收藏的李白《上阳台帖》赠送给他，毛泽东对李白诗词颇为推崇，面对这件可能是惟一的李白传世墨迹，自然爱不释手，但仍按规定将《上阳台帖》转赠故宫博物院收藏。TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
1954年5月间，毛泽东在4天之内3次登上紫禁城。5月17日下午4时，毛主席来到故宫。为了不打扰游客，他只让公安部长罗瑞卿和故宫保卫科长韩炳文两人陪同。他们从神武门东坡道登上城楼，顺着城墙向东、向南，一直走到东华门。在东华门城台，毛泽东坐在小马扎上休息，与大家分食橘子，同韩炳文亲切交谈。随后，他参观了设在午门城楼上的“基本建设出土文物展览”，前后共计3个多小时，直至天近黄昏才悄悄离去。TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
时隔一天，5月19日下午，毛主席又来到故宫，继续参观“基本建设出土文物展览”，并对陪同人员说：“这就是历史。”两个小时后才意犹未尽地离去。5月20日下午，毛泽东第三次来到故宫。这次是从神武门向西走，在西北角楼留下了一幅珍贵的照片。直到晚上7时左右，才走下城楼，同大家挥手告别。TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
毛泽东三登紫禁城，为紫禁城历史留下一则难忘的往事。TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

 TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

Chairman Mao Zedong in 1954 inspection of the Forbidden City to rest on the wallsTwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
Mao Zedong angry Xiruo in December 18th, 1948 Peking siege, with the People's Liberation Army cadres architect, professor at Tsinghua University Liang draw Peking Heritage map, when the siege was forced to order the period the protection of cultural relics.TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
A day earlier, Mao Zedong personally drafting the CPC Central Military Commission to the Beiping-Tianjin Campaign General Front Committee of the telegraph, and requires full attention to protected the Peking industrial areas and cultural monuments: "an important cultural monuments in Shahe, Qinghe, Haidian, Xishan District, for all the original management staff also intact, only our military to send troops to protect, send someone to contact with particular attention to Qinghua, Yanjing University staff and students to contact them to discuss how to reduce losses during the war. "TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
January 16, 1949, Mao Zedong once again drafting a telegram of the CPC Central Military Commission on the protection of cultural monuments of Peking, which refers to the Palace: "The siege must make a precise plan, seeks to avoid the destruction of the Forbidden City, the University and other well-known major value of cultural monuments "and" your city various parts of a sophisticated survey, to make every head of the troops fully aware of where you can attack and where not attack, drawing wrote manpower of a, as a discipline to execute. "TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
January 31, 1949, the peaceful liberation of Beiping. September 27, the first plenary session of the new CPPCC decided the People's Republic of China capital in Beiping, renamed to Beiping to Beijing. Capital Planning started immediately.TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
Liang involved in planning the event of a disagreement between the Soviet experts invited to guide the work. Liang and urban planning experts, Chen Zhanxiang jointly proposed the construction of the Central Administrative Region (SAR) should be outside in the ancient city in the western region, in order to achieve the new and old co-existence and balanced development; Soviet experts, the Central Administrative Region shall be placed in the ancient city center of the building, and started on the remodeling of the ancient city of . Mao Zedong supported the latter.TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
Beijing's city walls, towers, arches and other ancient buildings began to be gradually removed. In August 1952, Tiananmen Square, east and west sides the Chang'an left door and the Chang'an right door was removed, Liang, Xiruo the have expressed strong opposition. In May 1956, the Beijing Municipal Planning Bureau, Beijing Road Engineering Bureau show repair pigs City Avenue to North Long Street North exit road, dismantle large high the mysterious Dianqian learning the ceremony pavilion and archway, even the rooms of the Forbidden City North home and things, but also lead to academic sector is intense criticism. Intensified the removal of the ancient city, and finally see Mao Zedong's frankly stated already Xiruo 1957.TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
Mao Zedong and the Forbidden City have had some origin. His early teachers in Hunan Province, established the first Normal School attended easy to Prudential in 1929, served as president of the National Palace Museum. December 1919, Mao Zedong and his delegation went to Beijing to petition the expulsion of Hunan warlord Chang Ching-yao, that live in the Forbidden City at the foot of the blessings of Temple.TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
In April 1954, Mao Zedong had in four days, Gordon Forbidden City walls.TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
In the afternoon of April 18, 1954, Mao Zedong ride to the Forbidden City Shenwu Men Shenwu Men gate tower of the East Gordon Road, eastbound along the walls to the northeast corner of the floor, turn south through the gate of the Forbidden, the southeast corner of floor to reach the Meridian Gate, by the afternoon Gate City downstairs walls, back to Zhongnanhai.TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
In the afternoon of April 20, Mao Zedong car door to the Forbidden City afternoon, board the Meridian Gate tower, visit the History Museum where archaeological finds exhibition, under the tower back to Zhongnanhai.TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
In the afternoon of April 21, Mao Zedong ride to the Forbidden City Shenwu Men by Xideng trail Shenwu Men tower along the wall west, the northwest corner of the floor, the West Gate, southwest corner of the floor to reach the Meridian Gate down the stairs to leave.TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
The three routes are added just in the Forbidden City walls to bypass one week. This is Mao Zedong's only three records in the National Palace, and three times he only board walls Nothing intrauterine.TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
Walk through walls Xu, Mao Zedong What feelings? Whether he thought the Palace conversion program? Why is he not the Forbidden City inside a walk? Which inside information is unknown.TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
Chairman Mao Zedong on the Forbidden City has a special feeling. Peiji Yi, president of the National Palace Museum was the teacher when he enrolled in the first Normal School of Hunan Province, established. In 1919, Mao Zedong and the people of Hunan delegation came to Beijing, more progressive, to denounce the expulsion of Hunan's warlord Chang Ching-yao, lived in the Temple of the Forbidden City at the foot of bliss. In early 1949, before the People's Liberation Army to enter Peking, Mao Zedong had personally issued to the People's Liberation Army generals instructions: "The siege must make a precise plan, and strive to avoid destruction of the Forbidden City, the University and other famous cultural monuments and significant value. you ensure that the heads of the columns is clear and makes good on this. "With such a" personal instructions ", was led to the peaceful liberation of Peking, to ensure that the Forbidden City from war damage.TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
Mao not only the party and state leaders, or a famous poet, calligrapher, he received many calligraphers and painters, collectors, artist friends the gift of poetry paintings printed like artifacts, but he was not these curios national treasure owned by the for himself. He self-rule: the party and state leaders received the gift shall pay the public.TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
In 1950, Mao Zedong personally sent a letter to the Bureau of Cultural Relics Zhenduo friend Mr. Yao Yuqin gift handwriting of Wang Fu-chih, "Double-Crane rave Fu" referred to the State. In his letter, stressed: "It is said that such manuscripts are very rare, and sent to the brother at this, hope to be saved as." Was informed that the ink be made available to the National Palace Museum, he was very pleased, but do not wish to donate their own things too much publicity, will be approved: "This thing seems to only be collections, do not have to display the exhibition."TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
Since then, Mao Zedong repeatedly private gifts donated by the Chinese and foreign friends turned over to state. According to the former State Bureau of Cultural Relics Lvji Min recalled in December 1952, Chairman Mao Zedong also friends presented the "Orchid Pavilion the money Dongbi Pro write 13 Postscript," transferred to the National Palace Museum. In 1956, the collector, Mr. Zhang Boju own collection of Li Bai balcony posts presented to him, Mao Li Bai's poetry is quite respected, the face of this may be the only Li Bai Zhuanshi ink, natural love, but based upon the provisions of on the balcony, quote, "the donation of the National Palace Museum collection.TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
May 1954, Mao Zedong three times within four days on board the Forbidden City. May 17, 4:00 pm, Chairman Mao came to the Forbidden City. In order not to disturb the tourists, he only let the Minister of Public Security, Lo Jui-ching and the Forbidden City chief of security Han Bingwen two accompanied. They boarded the tower from Shenwu Men Dongpo Road, along the walls of the east, south, has come to the gate of the Forbidden. At the gate of the Forbidden City, Taiwan, Mao Zedong sitting on the small Mazar rest, and eating oranges, a cordial conversation with Han Bingwen. Subsequently, he visited the Meridian Gate tower infrastructure unearthed relics exhibition, before and after a total of more than three hours, until almost dusk to go away quietly.TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
After one day, the afternoon of May 19, Chairman Mao went to the Forbidden City, to continue to visit the "infrastructure of archaeological finds in the exhibition", and the entourage said: "This is history." After two hours get enough to leave. On the afternoon of May 20, Mao Zedong came to the Forbidden City. This is from a the Shenwu Men westward walk, in the northwest corner of the floor, leaving a precious photos. Until about 19:00, walked down the tower, and waved goodbye with everyone.TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
Mao Zedong's three board the Forbidden City, Forbidden City history left an unforgettable past.TwiRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语