20年来中国人生活满意度下降

jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

美国学者伊斯特林说，20年来中国的GDP增长超过四倍，但是中国人对生活的满意度和幸福感却呈现下降趋势，因为打破了过去的铁饭碗，就业和社会福利保障网方面却缺乏配套措施。jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
近年来出现了各种各样有关中国人幸福感或生活满意度的调查，有些满意数字高达七成九，让人怀疑是不是真的，一些网民说这是“被幸福”了。另外有些调查说中国在41国当中排名倒数第一，还有调查说，在中国，政府领导人的生活满意度最高。jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
*分析各种调查研究之后的结论*jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
创出《幸福经济学理论》的美国学者伊斯特林( Richard Easterlin )最近与几位南加州大学的学者一起发表了关于中国人生活满意度长期下跌的报告，作者之一，南加大中国博士生王非搜集了中国零点公司所采集的田野调查，这个公司的资料提供给中国社科院，社科院每年发表蓝皮书。王非还搜集了两份盖洛普民调，以及欧美日等使用比较严谨方法的各种民间调查。jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

王非说：＂我把所有的数据交叉，相互验证，看到底这个现象是不是真实的可靠的。＂jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
王非说他们用科学方法分析整合，并与东欧国家等世界各国的相关研究进行比对校正，各项研究显示一致的，便是结论。jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
*经济发展远超东欧转型国家，生活满意度却相似*jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
比如说，尽管中国的经济崛起，平均工资也远高于俄罗斯等六个东欧转型国家，但中国人的生活满意度却跟东欧转型国家一样呈现U型曲线，1990年到2000年大幅下滑，2002 年前后是最低点， 2000年到2005年基本是变动不大的平线，2007年又稍微上扬。jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
*就业和社会福利保障网是幸福感的重要基础*jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
 jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

伊斯特林分析原因说：＂中国和东欧一样，都出现实质失业率大幅增加以及社会福利保障网解体的现象，是影响人们生活满意度的重要因素。中国人民收入增加，但对生活满意度并没有太多影响。＂jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
伊斯特林所谓的社会福利保障网是指医疗照顾、儿童照顾、失业救济、老人退休金等社会福利系统。西方称为社会保障。jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
*20年来中国人生活满意度下降*jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
伊斯特林的研究报告发现，1990年中国低收入者生活满意度是65% ，2010年下跌至42%。富人的满意度从68%上升到71%。jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
有份中国调查称，31省当中，贵州的GDP排名第26位，但居民幸福指数却排名前5名。jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

与伊斯特林一起进行数据分析的南加大学者史威特克( Malgorzata Switek ) 认为这不大可能，她说：＂我们的资料显示，贫穷的人生活满意度较低。＂jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
*王超华：有如清醒剂，但有不足*jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
在洛杉矶加州大学教授中国研究的学者王超华指出这份研究报告尚有不足之处，例如没有说明，2002年前后是中国加入世贸组织、出口直线上升、农民工大量涌入城市的年代，为何生活满意度却跌到谷底？医疗和教育产业化以及地方政府卖土地的土地金融化，对人民生活满意度又有何影响？另外，没有依照年龄层来调查、收入只分成中高低三种，太过粗略，新进入城市的农村人口也没有区分出来做调查。jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
不过王超华已感到很振奋，认为应该有更多像这样的研究。王超华说：＂有这样的研究我觉得是一个清醒剂吧，希望还没有充分讨论的各种负面因素能进一步讨论，看看这个政府在经济发展GDP增长四倍的状况下为人民究竟做了什么？＂jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
*伊斯特林：中国正走向正确方向*jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
伊斯特林则对中国未来表示乐观，因为他注意到中国政府已经着手修补社会福利保障网，他说：＂中国政府正朝向正确的方向行动，他们有很高的经济成长，即使是现在，还有7.5% ，这让政府更容易提供社会服务。＂jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
伊斯特林并请大家不要误会，他说这份研究不是建议中国走回社会主义或中央计划经济。jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

Easterlin, American scholar, 20 years, China's GDP grew more than four times, but the Chinese people have been a decline in life satisfaction and happiness, because to break the iron rice bowl, employment and social welfare safety net in the past but lack of supporting measures.jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
In recent years a variety of Chinese people happiness or life satisfaction, the survey, some satisfaction up to 79% of people suspected to be not true, a number of Internet users say that this is "happy". Some surveys say that in the 41 countries which ranked last survey, the highest life satisfaction in China, government leaders.jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
* Analysis of a variety of research conclusions *jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
Easterlin, Richard Easterlin, hit the "economics of happiness theory" of American scholars and scholars of several University of Southern California recently published a report on the life satisfaction of Chinese people long-term decline, one of the authors, University of Southern California doctoral Wang Fei collected Chinese Horizon's acquisition of fieldwork, this company's information to the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Academy of Social Sciences, annually published Blue Book. Wang Fei also collected a variety of civil investigation of two Gallup polls, as well as Europe and the United States and Japan use more rigorous methods.jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
Wang Fei said: "I put all the data cross-verify each other, in the end, this phenomenon is not true."jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
Wang Fei said they use the scientific method integration, and the study of the Eastern European countries and other countries in the world than correction, various studies have shown that the same is the conclusion.jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
* Economic development far more than the Eastern European transition countries, but similar life satisfaction *jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
For example, although China's economic rise, the average wage is much higher than the six Eastern European countries in transition in Russia, but the Chinese people's life satisfaction as showing the U-shaped curve but with the transition countries in Eastern Europe, 1990 to 2000, have fallen sharply in 2002 before and after the lowest point, from 2000 to 2005, the basic small changes in level, a slight rise in 2007.jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
Employment and social welfare safety net is an important foundation of happiness *jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
The Easterlin analyze the reasons for that: China and Eastern Europe, are the real unemployment rate is substantially increased and the phenomenon of the disintegration of the social welfare safety net is an important factor of affecting people's lives, satisfaction of Chinese people's income increases, but life satisfaction do not have much of an impact. "jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
The Easterlin so-called social welfare safety net refers to medical care, child care, unemployment benefits, old age pension and other social welfare system. In the West as social security.jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
* 20 years of Chinese life satisfaction decreased *jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
Easterlin's study found that life satisfaction of Chinese low-income earners in 1990 was 65%, dropped to 42 percent in 2010. Satisfaction of the rich increased from 68% to 71%.jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
Have taken the survey said the 31 provinces of Guizhou's GDP ranked 26, but the residents' happiness index of the top five.jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
Of Southern California University for data analysis together with Easterlin Shiweiteke Malgorzata Switek think this is unlikely, she said: "Our data show that poor people live are less satisfied."jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
* Wang Chaohua: like a conscious agent, but there is insufficient *jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
In the Department of the University of California at Los Angeles professor of Chinese studies scholars Wang Chaohua pointed out that the study is still inadequate, for example, no instructions, after the year 2002, China's accession to the WTO, exports soared, a large number of migrant workers into the age of the city, why life satisfaction degrees has fallen to the bottom? Health care and education industry and local government land sales land finance, the impact of people's life satisfaction? In addition, there is no according to the ages to investigate income divided into only three kinds of high and low, too rough, the new entrants to the rural population of the city did not distinguish to do research.jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
Wang Chaohua am very excited that there should be more studies like this. This study I think is a sobering, hope has not been fully discussed in a variety of negative factors can be further discussion to see if this government for the people in the economic development of GDP growth to four times the situation has done what, Wang Chaohua said: ? "jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
* Easterlin: China is in the right direction *jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
Easterling said the future of China optimistic, because he noticed that the Chinese government has started to repair the social welfare safety net, he said: "The Chinese government is facing the correct direction of action, they have a high economic growth, even now, 7.5%, which makes it easier for governments to provide social services. "jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
Easterlin, and please do not misunderstand, he said that this study is not suggested that the Chinese back to the socialist or centrally planned economy.jFLRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语