社科院专家：养老金哪去了 公务员花了你的钱

 pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

延迟退休年龄的话题在过去几年中此起彼伏，每次均遭激烈反对。近日人社部又称研究弹性延迟退休，为何要延迟退休？退休年龄和养老制度谁的问题更大？pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
访谈嘉宾pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

郑秉文 中国社会科学院世界社保研究中心主任，主张对目前的养老保险制度进行大幅度改革，以应对未来的养老金危机。pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
1、延迟退休为了什么？pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

郑秉文：目的毫无疑问只有一个，就是提高养老金的支付能力，因为退休年龄太低，威胁到制度长期的财务可持续性和支付能力。提高退休年龄不是解决现在的问题，而是长期的制度问题。长期来看，这个养老制度是绝对不可持续的。一切参数假定都不变，我们的制度在若干年内陷入财务风险是毋庸置疑的，因为诸多的制度参数设计是不科学的，其中一个就是退休年龄。pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
2、为何影响重大？pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

郑秉文：在养老保险现收现付制的情况下，提高法定退休年龄确实是一个非常大的事情。等于直接涉及全社会所有人的利益，因为所有人都会变老。退休年龄低了高了，对人生的安排和计划是非常重要的。pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

我们设想一个人60岁退休和65岁退休，家庭的预算安排、所有的家庭生活安排都会发生巨大变化，所以对每个人的影响都非常大，尤其在欧洲福利国家，他们已经习惯了那种逍遥的日子，所以遭到了激烈反对，这是非常自然的。pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
3、弹性退休能达目的吗？pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

郑秉文：不可能。在法定退休年龄这么低的情况下，最佳方案不是弹性退休，而是提高法定退休年龄。pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

我们现在退休年龄太低了，男女性退休年龄和世界发达国家平均比大约低10岁左右，如果提高10岁的话，需要匀到很多年里，这是一个很长的时间表。在这个时间表前又加上这个预备期，势必将时间表拉得更长。pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

如果推行弹性延迟退休，政府经过测算了吗？在经过如此长的提高退休年龄的进程中，社保制度支付能力有问题吗？啥时能爆发？如果没有测算，为什么要制定这么个弹性退休“预备期”呢？如果没有测算，提高年龄干什么呢？如果测算了，为什么不公布，让大家知道你的制度需要参保人的理解和支持？pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

社会越发达，寿命越长，长寿风险越大，社保制度受到的挑战和威胁就越大，就越需要全民的理解和支持，必须达成全社会共识。要达到这个目的，就要跟大家交底，不能犹抱琵琶半遮面，光说应该怎么干，不说为什么这么干。pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

这是导致这么多次，一提这个话题都闹得大家不愉快，大家一讨论，政府就往后退的根本原因。pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
4、谁会支持弹性退休？pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

郑秉文：会有人支持，但结果将是一部分人成为受益者再受益，最后这项制度会成为全社会口诛笔伐的一个软肋。pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

比如事业单位、国家机关这些公共部门，相当一部分人是愿意延迟退休的，私人部门如厂矿企业愿意延迟的很少。这会形成私人部门和公共部门的冲突，事业单位、公务员得到了好处，本来你们退休金就高，现在又延迟退休了，会被认为公共部门给自己谋好处，自己给自己制定了很好的政策。pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

同时，要是事业单位不改革或改革在后提高退休年龄在前，那么也会让公众认为这是只提高私人部门的而不提高公共部门的退休年龄，好处都让公共部门占了，大家会说你坐在办公室里不提高退休年龄，却让私人部门的体力劳动者去提高。pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

总之，在不统一的养老制度下，无论怎么做，都会被骂为公共部门为自己谋利。pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
5、支付压力真的存在吗？pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

郑秉文：所谓真的压力，是指当期支付的压力。我们目前当期支付的情况还是不错的，每年养老基金的收入大于支出，收入减去支出，每年结余的养老基金都非常可观。所以当期的支付压力几乎是没有的。pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

但是如果要细究当期的养老金结构会看到，每年的巨大余额中一大部分来自财政转移支付。比如2010年，在结余的2865亿中，1954亿是来自财政补贴，如果没有补贴，纯粹缴费收入减去支出的结余只有900亿左右，这个数字就非常小了，尽管很小，但毕竟还是有余额的，所以说当年支付压力不是很大，财务压力也不大，但长期看这不意味着就应很乐观。pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

由于人口流动的原因，由于历史原因老工业基地包袱大小不同的原因，各省经济发展状况不同等原因，我们目前32个统筹单位有15个当期收不抵支，全国看有盈余，但仔细看数据，一半省份收不抵支。pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

这些问题足够引起政府的重视，改革制度，并且让民众知道制度的现状，让大家引起重视。pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

6、延迟退休能缓解支付压力吗？pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

郑秉文：影响和贡献肯定有，延迟一年退休意味着两年的功效，一面是延迟一年拿退休金，同时多了一年的缴费，所以是两年的效果。pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

至于能有多大的效果，对支付能力提高多少，需要详细的测算。要假定一些条件，比如目前统账结合的制度结构是否需要变化、个人账户是继续做实还是像现在停滞下去，生育政策是否调整等等，都会对提高退休年龄的效果有影响，所以要具体的效果，就需要假定很多条件进行测算。pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

7、延迟退休是唯一办法吗？pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

郑秉文：在现收现付的制度里（中国的统账结合因为个人账户基本都是空账，可以看作现收现付），有三个参数是最重要的，替代率、缴费率和退休年龄。pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

替代率现在全国平均45%左右，要想制度长期可持续提高，可以降低这个参数。但现在已经这么低了，大大低于当初的制度设计时目标替代率58.5%，还有空间降低吗？pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

而且政府的目标是提高这个参数，而不是降低。pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

上调缴费率是一个办法。雇员、雇主的缴费率可以单方或双方的上调，比如法国，战后多次上调缴费率，用这个办法增加财务可持续性。pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

但这不适于中国。中国职工的缴费率为8%，高于绝大部分发达国家的缴费率，单位的缴费率是20%，在发达国家也是名列前茅，这两个提高都不容易。pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

再看退休年龄，经过比较后，发现只有这个参数是有空间调整的。现在女性50岁男性60岁退休，加上女干部55岁、事业单位和公务员部分女性60岁退休的因素，男女平均退休年龄在56岁－57岁之间。北欧国家男女同龄67岁退休，西欧大部分国家是男女同龄65岁退休，分别比中国多8-10年。pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

再看寿命预期，我们仅仅比这些国家短两三年或三四年，这可以看出退休年龄的空间男女平均有六七岁，所以这个参数是可以动的，并且很急迫。pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

8、提高退休年龄需要多长时间？pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

郑秉文：提高退休年龄不是一年两年能完成的，要把这些年龄分散到一个时间表里，渐进式地提高，让人们有个心理适应期。所以这个决策制定越早越好，才能有时间把这么多年龄均摊在进程中。pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

至于时间表长短，要看提高多少年龄，或者是男女平均年龄，或者男女依然不一样，比如女性工人50岁退休，男性60岁，这两个提高退休年龄的空间是不一样的，男的设定多少、女的设定多少，就需要不同的进程。pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

比较保守地看，像中国目前这样完成这个提高退休年龄的进程，无论如何也要一二十年。pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
9、养老金去哪里了？pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

郑秉文：在目前的缴费率、财政补贴、利息率等条件下，在三个人养一个人的制度赡养率下，替代率应该高达80%以上，钱哪去了？pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

养老制度大的参数不合理，不少小参数也是不合理的。比如每年拟定社会平均工资通常以上一年作为今年缴费的基数，北京今年社会平均工资是4672元每个月，这是去年的数字作为今年的基数，去年用的基数是4201元。但中国的城镇在岗职工工资平均增长率是14%，你用去年的基数缴今年的费，无形之中费基缩小了14%。pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

再比如，事业单位改革事实上上世纪90年代中央就有文件，要求事业单位和企业一起改革，于是上海等几个省市很听话，改完了，事业单位和公务员都按职工的养老保险参保，可是他们的替代率不是按企业职工的计发公式发放的，否则与其他地方事业单位比就太低了，多的钱从哪里来？是从养老金这个池子里出，显然他们花了别人的钱。pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

这种跑冒滴漏的事情随便就可以说出七八个来。pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
10、提高退休年龄需要什么条件？pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

郑秉文：两个大条件。第一个是要有非常好的宣传。这么多人反对，是中国人懒惰不愿意工作吗？大家不同意提高退休年龄是因为没有认识到这个问题，不能怪大家，政府的任务是要让大家知道为什么，要交待清楚赢得理解和支持。pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

第二个条件是制度改革。要有利于延长退休年龄，制度就要实实在在的有激励性，如果没有让延长退休年龄的得到实惠，就很难获得支持。所以多缴费多领取养老金，一定要体现在制度上，让参保人算的时候觉得划得来。pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

这两者结合起来，提高退休年龄就比较容易做到了。pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

新京报时事访谈员 杨华云pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

释义pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

统账结合：世界上的养老保险模式主要为现收现付制和基金积累制两种。现收现付制是指以同一个时期正在工作的一代人的缴费来支付已经退休的一代人的养老金的保险财务模式。基金积累制是国家强制实施的个人养老储蓄制度，通过建立个人账户，企业和个人缴费全部进入个人账户，退休待遇水平完全取决于账户基金的积累额，账户基金可以进行投资。中国的统账结合制，即养老保险基金由企业缴费和个人缴费两部分组成，企业缴费用于当期发放养老金，个人缴费存入个人账户，退休后分为若干年发放给参保人。pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

替代率：替代率是劳动者退休时养老金领取水平与退休前工资收入水平之间的比率，它是衡量劳动者退休前后生活保障水平差异的基本指标之一。pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

2011年末全国参加城镇基本养老保险人数为28391万人，比上年末增加2684万人。pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

年末参加基本养老保险的农民工人数为4140万人，比上年末增加856万人。年末参加企业基本养老保险人数为26284万人，比上年末增加2650万人。pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

全年城镇基本养老保险基金总收入16895亿元，其中征缴收入13956亿元，各级财政补贴基本养老保险基金2272亿元。全年基金总支出12765亿元，年末基本养老保险基金累计结存19497亿元。pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

 pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语

Delay the retirement age of the topic in the past few years, one after another, and each time have met with fierce opposition. Recently, Ministry of Human Resources and Social, also known as study the flexibility to delay retirement, why should we delay retirement? Retirement age and pension system who have bigger problems?pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
Interview guestspKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
LATIN Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, World Social Security Research Center Director, advocated major reforms in the pension insurance system to respond to future pensions crisis.pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
1, delay retirement for what?pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
A NOTE: There is no doubt of the purpose of only one, is to improve the ability of pension payments, because the retirement age is too low, the threat to the system of long-term financial sustainability and affordability. Raising the retirement age is not a solution to the problem now, but long-term system problems. In the long term, the pension system is definitely not sustainable. All parameters assumed to remain unchanged, our system in a number of years into the financial risk is not in doubt, because many system parameters design is unscientific, one of which is retirement age.pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
2, why a major impact?pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
A NOTE: In the case of pension insurance PAYG system, raise the statutory retirement age is indeed a very big thing. Mean directly related to the interests of all of society as a whole, because everyone will grow old. Retirement age low, and the arrangements and plans of life is very important.pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
We envision a 60-year-old retired and the retirement age of 65, the family budget arrangements, family living arrangements will have changed profoundly, so everyone is very large, especially in the European welfare state, they have become accustomed to the kind of Happy the day was fierce opposition, which is very natural.pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
3, the flexible retirement to reach the goal?pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
A NOTE: impossible. In such a low statutory retirement age, the best solution is not flexible retirement, but to raise the statutory retirement age.pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
The retirement age is too low, the average male and female retirement age and developed countries in the world than about low around 10 years old, if you improve the 10-year-old need to be uniform many years, this is a very long schedule. Coupled with this probationary period, in front of this schedule is bound to a timetable to pull out even longer.pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
If the implementation of the flexibility to delay retirement, the Government after measure? In the process so long to improve the retirement age, the social security system the ability to pay you? And when they can break out? If there are no estimates, and why the development of such a flexible retirement "probationary period"? If there are no estimates, to raise the age do? If you measure, why not publish, and let everyone know that your system requires the insured person's understanding and support?pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
The more developed the society, the longer the life, the greater the longevity risk, challenge and threat to the social security system was greater, the greater the need for universal understanding and support, need to reach a full consensus in the community. To achieve this aim, We are about to correspondent, can not still hold partly concealed, light should be how to do it, do not say why so dry.pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
This is causing so many times, a mention to this topic so much noise that we are not happy, we are a discussion, the government go out into the back of the root cause.pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
, Who supports flexible retirement?pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
A NOTE: Some support, but the result will be some people to become beneficiaries of the benefit, the last of this system will be criticized by society as a whole is a weakness.pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
Such as public sector institutions, state organs, a considerable portion of people are willing to delay retirement, the private sector, such as factories and enterprises are willing to delay rarely. Which will form the conflict of private and public sector institutions, civil servants have benefited had your pension, and now delay retirement, will be that the public sector to seek their own good, to develop their own good policy.pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
At the same time, if not reform or reform of the institutions raise the retirement age in the former in the latter, then it makes the public think that it is only to improve the private sector without increasing the retirement age of public sector, the benefits are public sector accounted for, we will say you sit in an office without raising the retirement age, but let the private sector manual workers to improve.pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
In short, under the unified pension system, regardless of how to do will be criticized for the public sector for their own profit.pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
5, the pressure on the payment really exist?pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
A NOTE: the so-called real pressure is the pressure of the current pay. The current pay is good, an annual income exceeds the cost of pension funds, revenues less expenses each year the balance of pension funds are very impressive. Therefore, the current pressure on the pay almost.pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
But if you want a closer current period pension structure will see a large part of the huge balance from the financial transfer payment. In 2010, for example, in the balance of 286.5 billion, 195.4 billion from the financial subsidies, if not subsidized, pure balance of fee income minus spending only about 90 billion, this figure is very small, although very small, but after all there is a balance, so to say that the disbursement of pressure is not great, the financial pressure is not great, but the long term this does not mean it should be very optimistic.pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
Due to population movements, due to historical reasons, the old industrial bases in the burden of the size of different reasons, the provincial economic development and other reasons, we are currently 32 co-ordinating unit 15 current income over expenditure, the country has a surplus, but a closer look at the data half of the provinces of income over expenditure.pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
These issues are sufficient to arouse the attention of the government, reform the system, and let the public know the status of the system, so that we pay attention to.pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
6, delay retirement can ease the pressure on the payment?pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
A NOTE: the impact and contribution there must be delayed for one year retirement means that the effectiveness of two years, one side is delayed a year to get a pension, and multi-year payment, so the effect of two years.pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
To have much effect, improve the ability to pay, the need for detailed estimates. To assume that a number of conditions, such as the current system structure combined with system account the need for change, personal accounts is to continue to do solid or stagnation as they are now, on whether to regulate fertility policy will affect the effect of raising the retirement age, so to be specific effect, we need to assume that a number of conditions is calculated.pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
7, to delay retirement is the only way?pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
A NOTE: In the PAYG system (in China combined with system account because personal accounts are basically empty account can be seen as the PAYG), there are three parameters are the most important, the replacement rate, the contribution rate and retirement ages.pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
The replacement rate is now the national average of about 45% of the system in order to long-term sustainable increases in this parameter, you can reduce. But is now so low, much lower than the original design of the system, the target replacement rate 58.5%, as well as space to reduce?pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
Government's objective is to improve this parameter, rather than lower.pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
Increase the contribution rate is a way. Employees, the employer's contribution rate can be unilateral or both sides raised, such as France, after the war several times raised the contribution rate to increase the financial sustainability of this way.pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
But this is not suitable for China. Chinese workers pay rate was 8% higher than the contribution rate of the vast majority of developed countries, the unit's contribution rate is 20 percent, is among the best in the developed world, these two increase is not easy.pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
Look at the retirement age, by comparison, this is the only parameter there is room to adjust. Female 50-year-old male retirement age of 60, plus 55-year-old female cadres, institutions and the civil service part of the female retirement age of 60 factors, male and female average retirement age in the 56-year-old -57 years old. Nordic countries, men and women age 67 years of retirement, most of the countries of Western Europe is a 65-year-old retired men and women the same age, respectively, compared with China, 8-10 years.pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
Expected to look at life, we just shorter than these countries in 2023 or 2034, which can be seen that the retirement age of space men and women an average of six or seven, so this parameter can be moved, and very urgent.pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
Raising the retirement age long will it take?pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
A NOTE: To improve the retirement age is not one or two years to complete, it is necessary in these age dispersion to a timetable, incrementally improved, so that people have a psychological adaptation period. Therefore, this decision-making the sooner the better, in order to have time to so many age equally in the process.pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
As for the schedule length, depends on how much better age, or the average age between men and women, or men and women is still not the same, such as female workers in the retirement age of 50, 60-year-old male, the two increase the retirement age of space is not the same man set given the number of female set, you need a different process.pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
More conservative view, increase the retirement age process, like China is now so complete in any case have one or two decades.pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
9, pensions, where to go?pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
A NOTE: In the current contribution rate, financial subsidies, interest rate conditions, the three individuals raising a person's system dependency ratio, the replacement rate should be as high as 80% or more, money which went to?pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
Pension system parameters is unreasonable, a number of small parameters is unreasonable. Each year such as the development of the social average wage is usually more than a year as this year's payment base, in Beijing this year, the average social wage is 4672 yuan per month, which is last year's figures as a base this year, last year, with the base is 4201 yuan. The average growth rate of China's cities and towns of Employees 14%, with last year's base pay this year's fee, invisible fee reduced by 14%.pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
For example, the reform of the institutions is in fact there in the 1990s, the central file, requiring institutions and enterprises with the reform, so Shanghai and other provinces and cities is very obedient, change over, public institutions and civil servants are the employees' pension insurance too low, but their replacement rate is not paid by enterprise workers count formula, otherwise with other local institutions, and more money come from? Is out from the pension pool, apparently they spend other people's money.pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
This leaking things casually say 78.pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
10, raising the retirement age What do I need?pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
A NOTE: the two conditions. The first is to have a very good publicity. So many people oppose the Chinese people lazy and unwilling to work? We do not agree with raising the retirement age do not realize that this problem can not blame everyone, the government's task is to let you know why, it is to be made clear to win understanding and support.pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
The second condition is institutional reform. Should be beneficial to extend the retirement age, the system is necessary to real incentive, if not to extend the retirement age benefit, it is difficult to get support. Multi-payment of pensioners, must be reflected in the system, so that when the insured operator to feel worthwhile.pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
Combine the two, raising the retirement age is relatively easy to do.pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
The Beijing News current affairs interviews with members of Yang HuayunpKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
InterpretationpKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
Combined with system account: the world's old-age insurance mode now received a pay-and the accumulation of funds are made in two. Now pay-as-payment of the working generation to the same period to pay the pensions of the retired generation insurance financial model. Fund Accumulation countries to enforce the personal pension savings system, through the establishment of personal accounts, businesses and individual contributions all the personal account, the level of retirement benefits depends entirely on the account the accumulated amount of the fund, account funds can invest. In China combined with system account system, the pension insurance fund payment by the corporate and individual contributions of two parts, the enterprises pay for current pensions, individual contributions into the personal account is divided into a number of years after retirement payment to the insured people.pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
Rate of substitution: the replacement rate is the ratio between the workers retirement pensioners, the level of pre-retirement wage income, it is a measure of one of the basic indicators of the differences of the level of protection of life before and after the workers retire.pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
Participated in urban basic old-age insurance number at the end of 2011 to 28391 million 2684 million increase over the previous year.pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
Migrant workers participated in basic pension insurance at the end of 41.4 million and 856 million increase over the previous year. End of the year to participate in the basic pension insurance number 26284 million, an increase of 2650 million over the previous year.pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语
Full-year urban basic old-age insurance fund total revenue of 1.6895 trillion yuan, including the collection of revenue of 1.3956 trillion yuan, 227.2 billion yuan of financial subsidies at all levels of basic pension insurance fund. General fund expenditures of 1.2765 trillion yuan, the basic pension insurance fund at the end of the cumulative balance of 1.9497 trillion yuan.pKjRainbow Mandarin 彩虹汉语